Cocksure and Clueless

Bertrand Russell, the Dunning-Kruger Effect, and the Rise of the Confidently Wrong

"The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent are full of doubt." Bertrand Russell

This idea reflects Russell’s Paradox of Ignorance, which aligns with what’s now called the Dunning-Kruger effect, a cognitive bias where incompetent people overestimate their abilities, while highly competent people tend to underestimate t…